Constantes de entalpías de formación, energía libre de Gibbs y entropía de compuestos inorgánicos (II)
Datos de las constantes de entalpías de formación, energía libre de Gibbs y entropía de los compuestos más comunes
ΔH°f, ΔGf° y S° a 25 °C
| Compuesto | Fórmula | Mol | ΔHf° | ΔGf° | S° | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| g | kJ/mol | kcal/mol | kcal/g | kJ/mol | kcal/mol | J/mol·K | cal/mol·K | ||
| Carbonato cúprico (ac) | CuCO₃ | 123,55 | -747,906 | -178,600 | -1,446 | - | - | 372,697 | 89,000 |
| Carbonato cúprico (s) | CuCO₃ | 123,55 | -595,477 | -142,200 | -1,151 | -518,425 | -123,800 | 87,940 | 21,000 |
| Carbonato de amonio (ac) | (NH₄)₂CO₃ | 96,09 | -935,511 | -223,400 | -2,325 | -687,186 | -164,100 | - | - |
| Carbonato de amonio (s) | (NH₄)₂CO₃ | 96,09 | -941,860 | -224,916 | -2,341 | -687,186 | -164,100 | - | - |
| Carbonato de bario (s) | BaCO₃ | 334,69 | -1.236,000 | -295,157 | -0,882 | -1.137,600 | -271,659 | 112,100 | 26,769 |
| Carbonato de cadmio (s) | CdCO₃ | 172,41 | -761,000 | -181,727 | -1,054 | -669,400 | -159,853 | 92,500 | 22,089 |
| Carbonato de calcio (s) | CaCO₃ | 100,09 | -1.206,900 | -288,208 | -2,880 | -1.128,800 | -269,557 | 92,900 | 22,185 |
| Carbonato de calcio (s, aragonito) | CaCO₃ | 100,09 | -1.207,100 | -288,255 | -2,880 | -1.127,800 | -269,319 | 88,700 | 21,182 |
| Carbonato de calcio (s, calcita) | CaCO₃ | 100,09 | -1.206,900 | -288,208 | -2,880 | -1.128,800 | -269,557 | 92,900 | 22,185 |
| Carbonato de cinc (s) | ZnCO₃ | 125,38 | -813,233 | -194,200 | -1,549 | -731,993 | -174,800 | 82,496 | 19,700 |
| Carbonato de cobalto II (s) | CoCO₃ | 118,94 | -723,199 | -172,700 | -1,452 | -650,586 | -155,360 | - | - |
| Carbonato de estroncio (s) | SrCO₃ | 147,63 | -1.218,000 | -290,858 | -1,970 | -1.138,000 | -271,754 | 97,100 | 23,187 |
| Carbonato de litio (ac) | Li₂CO₃ | 73,89 | -941,122 | -224,740 | -3,042 | -1.116,667 | -266,660 | -24,707 | -5,900 |
| Carbonato de litio (s) | Li₂CO₃ | 73,89 | -1.216,667 | -290,540 | -3,932 | -1.133,417 | -270,660 | 90,452 | 21,600 |
| Carbonato de magnesio (s) | MgCO₃ | 84,32 | -1.112,940 | -265,770 | -3,152 | -1.029,260 | -245,787 | 65,690 | 15,687 |
| Carbonato de manganeso (s) | MnCO₃ | 114,95 | -895,729 | -213,900 | -1,861 | -818,258 | -195,400 | 85,846 | 20,500 |
| Carbonato de plata (s) | Ag₂CO₃ | 275,75 | -506,575 | -120,970 | -0,439 | -437,521 | -104,480 | 167,504 | 40,000 |
| Carbonato de potasio (ac) | K₂CO₃ | 138,20 | -1.176,298 | -280,900 | -2,033 | -1.105,695 | -264,040 | - | - |
| Carbonato de potasio (s) | K₂CO₃ | 138,20 | -1.150,180 | -274,663 | -1,987 | -1.064,580 | -254,222 | 155,400 | 37,110 |
| Carbonato de rubidio (s) | Rb₂CO₃ | 230,95 | -1.144,137 | -273,220 | -1,183 | - | - | - | - |
| Carbonato de sodio (s) | Na₂CO₃ | 105,99 | -1,130 | -0,270 | -0,003 | -1.048,100 | -250,286 | 139,000 | 33,193 |
| Carbonato ferroso (s) | FeCO₃ | 115,86 | -745,394 | -178,000 | -1,536 | -674,456 | -161,060 | 92,965 | 22,200 |
| Carbonato ferroso (s, siderita) | FeCO₃ | 115,86 | -721,943 | -172,400 | -1,488 | -648,241 | -154,800 | - | - |
| Carbonato niqueloso (s) | NiCO₃ | 118,72 | -664,573 | -158,700 | -1,337 | -615,578 | -147,000 | 121,859 | 29,100 |
| Carbonato plumboso (s) | PbCO₃ | 267,20 | -699,100 | -166,945 | -0,625 | -625,500 | -149,369 | 131,000 | 31,283 |
| Carbonato plumboso (s, cerusita) | PbCO₃ | 267,20 | -701,843 | -167,600 | -0,627 | -628,141 | -150,000 | - | - |
| Carburo de aluminio (s) | Al₄C₃ | 143,96 | -167,124 | -39,909 | -0,277 | -121,441 | -29,000 | 104,690 | 25,000 |
| Carburo de boro (s) | B₄C | 55,26 | -71,000 | -16,955 | -0,307 | - | - | - | - |
| Carburo de calcio (s) | CaC₂ | 64,10 | -60,000 | -14,328 | -0,224 | -65,000 | -15,522 | 70,000 | 16,716 |
| Carburo de silicio (s) | SiC | 40,09 | -73,220 | -17,485 | -0,436 | -70,850 | -16,919 | 16,610 | 3,966 |
| Clorato de bario (s) | Ba(ClO₃)₂ | 304,24 | -760,888 | -181,700 | -0,597 | -557,370 | -133,100 | 224,874 | 53,700 |
| Clorato de litio (ac) | LiClO₃ | 90,39 | -366,415 | -87,500 | -0,968 | -297,111 | -70,950 | - | - |
| Clorato de plata (s) | AgClO₃ | 191,32 | -23,995 | -5,730 | -0,030 | 3,821 | 16,000 | 157,873 | 37,700 |
| Clorato de potasio (ac) | KClO₃ | 122,55 | -349,500 | -83,461 | -0,681 | -284,900 | -68,034 | 265,700 | 63,449 |
| Clorato de potasio (s) | KClO₃ | 122,55 | -391,200 | -93,419 | -0,762 | -289,910 | -69,231 | 142,970 | 34,141 |
| Clorato de sodio (s) | NaClO₃ | 106,44 | -359,087 | -85,750 | -0,806 | - | - | - | - |
| Clorito de bario (s) | Ba(ClO₂)₂ | 272,24 | -662,479 | -158,200 | -0,581 | -572,864 | -136,800 | 199,749 | 47,700 |
| Clorito de plata (s) | AgClO₂ | 175,32 | - | - | - | 3,821 | 16,000 | 134,673 | 32,160 |
| Cloroplatinato de sodio (ac) | Na₂PtCl₆ | 453,79 | -1.176,298 | -280,900 | -0,619 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloroplatinato de sodio (s) | Na₂PtCl₆ | 453,79 | -1.139,447 | -272,100 | -0,600 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloroplatinito de potasio (ac) | K₂PtCl₄ | 415,11 | -1.015,913 | -242,600 | -0,584 | -948,492 | -226,500 | - | - |
| Cloroplatinito de sodio (ac) | K₂PtCl₄ | 415,11 | -993,300 | -237,200 | -0,571 | -907,789 | -216,780 | - | - |
| Cloruro antimónico (l) | SbCl₅ | 299,02 | -438,861 | -104,800 | -0,350 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro antimonioso (s) | SbCl₃ | 228,11 | -382,328 | -91,300 | -0,400 | -325,796 | -77,800 | - | - |
| Cloruro arsénico (g) | AsCl₃ | 181,28 | -299,414 | -71,500 | -0,394 | -286,851 | -68,500 | 327,471 | 78,200 |
| Cloruro arsénico (l) | AsCl₃ | 181,28 | -335,846 | -80,200 | -0,442 | -295,226 | -70,500 | 233,668 | 55,800 |
| Cloruro áurico (ac) | AuCl₃ | 303,33 | -138,023 | -32,960 | -0,109 | 1,005 | 4,210 | - | - |
| Cloruro áurico (s) | AuCl₃ | 303,33 | -118,400 | -28,274 | -0,093 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro auroso (s) | AuCl | 232,42 | -35,200 | -8,406 | -0,036 | -17,588 | -4,200 | - | 24,000 |
| Cloruro bismutoso (ac) | BiCl₃ | 315,34 | -425,461 | -101,600 | -0,322 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro bismutoso (g) | BiCl₃ | 315,34 | -282,245 | -67,400 | -0,214 | -260,469 | -62,200 | 365,578 | 87,300 |
| Cloruro bismutoso (s) | BiCl₃ | 315,34 | -378,978 | -90,500 | -0,287 | -319,933 | -76,400 | 189,698 | 45,300 |
| Cloruro bórico (g) | BCl₃ | 117,17 | -395,729 | -94,500 | -0,807 | -380,653 | -90,900 | 290,159 | 69,290 |
| Cloruro bórico (l) | BCl₃ | 117,17 | -418,760 | -100,000 | -0,853 | -379,397 | -90,600 | 209,380 | 50,000 |
| Cloruro boroso (g) | BCl | 46,26 | 6,113 | 25,600 | 0,553 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro circónico (s) | ZrCl₄ | 233,03 | -1.126,047 | -268,900 | -1,154 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro crómico (s) | CrCl₃ | 158,36 | -563,652 | -134,600 | -0,850 | -494,137 | -118,000 | 125,628 | 30,000 |
| Cloruro cromoso (ac) | CrCl₂ | 122,90 | - | - | - | -427,554 | -102,100 | - | - |
| Cloruro cromoso (s) | CrCl₂ | 122,90 | -395,980 | -94,560 | -0,769 | -356,575 | -85,150 | 114,740 | 27,400 |
| Cloruro cúprico (s) | CuCl₂ | 134,45 | -205,900 | -49,169 | -0,366 | -161,700 | -38,614 | 108,100 | 25,814 |
| Cloruro cuproso (s) | CuCl | 98,99 | -134,700 | -32,166 | -0,325 | -118,800 | -28,369 | 236,600 | 56,500 |
| Cloruro de aluminio (g) | AlCl₃ | 133,34 | -704,200 | -168,163 | -1,261 | -705,600 | -168,497 | 109,300 | 26,101 |
| Cloruro de aluminio (s) | AlCl₃ | 133,34 | -695,980 | -166,200 | -1,246 | -637,353 | -152,200 | 167,504 | 40,000 |
| Cloruro de amonio (s) | NH₄Cl | 53,49 | -315,400 | -75,318 | -1,408 | -202,700 | -48,405 | 94,240 | 22,505 |
| Cloruro de azufre (l) | SCl₂ | 102,97 | -50,300 | -12,012 | -0,117 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro de bario (s) | BaCl₂ | 208,25 | -806,060 | -192,487 | -0,924 | -810,900 | -193,643 | 126,000 | 30,089 |
| Cloruro de berilio (s) | BeCl₂ | 79,92 | -490,000 | -117,012 | -1,464 | -468,174 | -111,800 | 85,846 | 20,500 |
| Cloruro de bromo (g) | BrCl | 115,36 | 0,731 | 3,060 | 0,027 | -2,638 | -0,630 | - | - |
| Cloruro de cadmio (s) | CdCl₂ | 183,31 | -391,000 | -93,371 | -0,509 | -342,590 | -81,810 | 118,410 | 28,276 |
| Cloruro de calcio (ac) | CaCl₂ | 110,99 | -875,838 | -209,150 | -1,884 | -818,090 | -195,360 | - | - |
| Cloruro de calcio (s) | CaCl₂ | 110,99 | -795,645 | -190,000 | -1,712 | -748,100 | -178,646 | 104,600 | 24,978 |
| Cloruro de cesio (ac) | CsCl | 168,36 | -415,410 | -99,200 | -0,589 | -371,692 | -88,760 | 188,442 | 45,000 |
| Cloruro de cesio (s) | CsCl | 168,36 | -442,800 | -105,741 | -0,628 | -414,000 | -98,863 | 101,180 | 24,162 |
| Cloruro de cinc (s) | ZnCl₂ | 136,28 | -415,100 | -99,126 | -0,727 | -369,400 | -88,213 | 111,500 | 26,626 |
| Cloruro de cromilo (l) | CrO₂Cl₂ | 154,90 | -599,246 | -143,100 | -0,924 | -525,126 | -125,400 | 209,380 | 50,000 |
| Cloruro de estroncio (s) | SrCl₂ | 158,53 | -828,400 | -197,822 | -1,248 | -781,200 | -186,551 | 117,000 | 27,940 |
| Cloruro de fosforilo (g) | POCl₃ | 153,33 | -579,564 | -138,400 | -0,903 | -532,663 | -127,200 | - | - |
| Cloruro de galio (s) | GaCl₃ | 176,08 | -525,126 | -125,400 | -0,712 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro de indio (ac) | InCl₃ | 221,18 | -609,715 | -145,600 | -0,658 | -492,044 | -117,500 | - | - |
| Cloruro de indio (s) | InCl₃ | 221,18 | -538,107 | -128,500 | -0,581 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro de lantano (ac) | LaCl₃ | 245,27 | -1.192,211 | -284,700 | -1,161 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro de lantano (s) | LaCl₃ | 245,27 | -1.059,883 | -253,100 | -1,032 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro de litio (ac) | LiCl | 42,39 | -446,302 | -106,577 | -2,514 | -425,335 | -101,570 | 69,514 | 16,600 |
| Cloruro de litio (g) | LiCl | 42,39 | -221,943 | -53,000 | -1,250 | -242,881 | -58,000 | 213,610 | 51,010 |
| Cloruro de litio (s) | LiCl | 42,39 | -408,000 | -97,430 | -2,298 | -384,000 | -91,699 | 59,300 | 14,161 |
| Cloruro de magnesio (s) | MgCl₂ | 95,22 | -641,830 | -153,269 | -1,610 | -592,100 | -141,393 | 89,630 | 21,404 |
| Cloruro de mercurio (s, calomelano) | Hg₂Cl₂ | 472,09 | -264,900 | -63,258 | -0,134 | -210,660 | -50,306 | 196,000 | 46,805 |
| Cloruro de nitrosilo (g) | NOCl | 65,45 | 52,600 | 12,561 | 0,192 | 66,300 | 15,832 | 264,000 | 63,043 |
| Cloruro de plata (g) | AgCl | 143,32 | 5,547 | 23,230 | 0,162 | 4,009 | 16,790 | 244,975 | 58,500 |
| Cloruro de plata (s) | AgCl | 143,32 | -127,178 | -30,370 | -0,212 | -109,899 | -26,244 | 96,315 | 23,000 |
| Cloruro de potasio (ac) | KCl | 74,56 | -419,447 | -100,164 | -1,343 | -413,568 | -98,760 | 157,873 | 37,700 |
| Cloruro de potasio (g) | KCl | 74,56 | -216,080 | -51,600 | -0,692 | -235,343 | -56,200 | 239,698 | 57,240 |
| Cloruro de potasio (s) | KCl | 74,56 | -437,100 | -104,379 | -1,400 | -408,800 | -97,621 | 82,747 | 19,760 |
| Cloruro de rubidio (ac) | RbCl | 120,92 | -414,154 | -98,900 | -0,818 | -413,735 | -98,800 | 95,896 | 22,900 |
| Cloruro de rubidio (g) | RbCl | 120,92 | -224,456 | -53,600 | -0,443 | -242,462 | -57,900 | - | - |
| Cloruro de rubidio (s) | RbCl | 120,92 | -430,580 | -102,823 | -0,850 | -405,360 | -96,800 | 94,640 | 22,600 |
| Cloruro de sodio (ac) | NaCl | 58,44 | -407,100 | -97,215 | -1,663 | -393,000 | -93,848 | 115,500 | 27,581 |
| Cloruro de sodio (g) | NaCl | 58,44 | -182,161 | -43,500 | -0,744 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro de sodio (s) | NaCl | 58,44 | -411,120 | -98,175 | -1,680 | -384,000 | -91,699 | 72,446 | 17,300 |
| Cloruro de sulfurilo (g) | SO₂Cl₂ | 134,97 | -343,551 | -82,040 | -0,608 | -310,134 | -74,060 | - | - |
| Cloruro de sulfurilo (l) | SO₂Cl₂ | 134,97 | -376,047 | -89,800 | -0,665 | -314,322 | -75,060 | - | - |
| Cloruro de teluroso (g) | TeCl₄ | 269,41 | -324,121 | -77,400 | -0,287 | -240,369 | -57,400 | - | - |
| Cloruro de yodo (ac) | ICl | 162,36 | - | - | - | -16,750 | -4,000 | - | - |
| Cloruro estánico (ac) | SnCl₄ | 260,50 | -659,966 | -157,600 | -0,605 | -522,069 | -124,670 | - | - |
| Cloruro estánico (l) | SnCl₄ | 260,50 | -545,200 | -130,194 | -0,500 | -474,000 | -113,191 | 259,000 | 61,849 |
| Cloruro estanoso (ac) | SnCl₂ | 189,60 | -342,127 | -81,700 | -0,431 | -288,693 | -68,940 | - | - |
| Cloruro estanoso (s) | SnCl₂ | 189,60 | -350,084 | -83,600 | -0,441 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro férrico (ac) | FeCl₃ | 162,21 | -535,595 | -127,900 | -0,789 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro férrico (s) | FeCl₃ | 162,21 | -403,340 | -96,318 | -0,594 | -334,000 | -79,759 | 142,300 | 33,981 |
| Cloruro ferroso (ac) | FeCl₂ | 126,75 | -419,179 | -100,100 | -0,790 | -347,571 | -83,000 | - | - |
| Cloruro ferroso (s) | FeCl₂ | 126,75 | -342,670 | -81,830 | -0,646 | -302,300 | -72,189 | 117,900 | 28,155 |
| Cloruro germánico (l) | GeCl₄ | 214,40 | -569,514 | -136,000 | -0,634 | -498,325 | -119,000 | 251,256 | 60,000 |
| Cloruro hipoiridioso (s) | IrCl₂ | 263,11 | -170,017 | -40,600 | -0,154 | -134,003 | -32,000 | - | - |
| Cloruro hipouranioso (s) | UCl₃ | 344,39 | -891,960 | -213,000 | -0,618 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro hipovanadioso (s) | VCl₂ | 121,85 | -615,578 | -147,000 | -1,206 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro hipoyodoso (g) | ICl | 162,36 | 1,003 | 4,200 | 0,026 | -6,575 | -1,570 | 247,571 | 59,120 |
| Cloruro hipoyodoso (s) | ICl | 162,36 | -33,626 | -8,030 | -0,049 | -13,568 | -3,240 | 102,596 | 24,500 |
| Cloruro iridioso (s) | IrCl₃ | 298,56 | -253,350 | -60,500 | -0,203 | -194,724 | -46,500 | - | - |
| Cloruro manganoso (s) | MnCl₂ | 125,84 | -469,012 | -112,000 | -0,890 | -441,792 | -105,500 | - | 28,000 |
| Cloruro mercúrico (ac) | HgCl₂ | 271,50 | -210,637 | -50,300 | -0,185 | -97,362 | -23,250 | - | - |
| Cloruro mercúrico (s) | HgCl₂ | 271,50 | -230,319 | -55,000 | -0,203 | -176,717 | -42,200 | 144,000 | 34,387 |
| Cloruro mercurioso (g) | HgCl | 236,04 | 4,537 | 19,000 | 0,080 | 3,343 | 14,000 | 260,469 | 62,200 |
| Cloruro mercurioso (s) | HgCl | 236,04 | -265,452 | -63,390 | -0,269 | -210,959 | -50,377 | 192,630 | 46,000 |
| Cloruro niquélico (s) | NiCl₂ | 129,59 | -305,300 | -72,906 | -0,563 | -259,000 | -61,849 | 97,650 | 23,319 |
| Cloruro platínico (s) | PtCl₄ | 336,90 | 14,949 | 62,600 | 0,186 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro platinoso (s) | PtCl₂ | 266,00 | -142,379 | -34,000 | -0,128 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro plumboso (ac) | PbCl₂ | 278,10 | -345,477 | -82,500 | -0,297 | -286,725 | -68,470 | - | - |
| Cloruro plumboso (s) | PbCl₂ | 278,10 | -359,715 | -85,900 | -0,309 | -314,405 | -75,080 | 136,097 | 32,500 |
| Cloruro plutónico (ac) | PtCl₄ | 336,90 | -344,640 | -82,300 | -0,244 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro sulfuroso (l) | SCl₄ | 173,88 | -57,370 | -13,700 | -0,079 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro tálico (ac) | TlCl₃ | 310,73 | -381,072 | -91,000 | -0,293 | -185,302 | -44,250 | - | - |
| Cloruro tálico (s) | TlCl₃ | 310,73 | -345,059 | -82,400 | -0,265 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro talioso (ac) | TlCl | 239,82 | -160,804 | -38,400 | -0,160 | -163,693 | -39,090 | - | - |
| Cloruro talioso (s) | TlCl | 239,82 | -206,742 | -49,370 | -0,206 | -186,181 | -44,460 | - | - |
| Cloruro tórico (ac) | ThCl₄ | 373,85 | -1.641,541 | -392,000 | -1,049 | -1.349,749 | -322,320 | - | - |
| Cloruro tórico (s) | ThCl₄ | 373,85 | -1.402,848 | -335,000 | -0,896 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro uranioso (s) | UCl₄ | 379,84 | -1.051,089 | -251,000 | -0,661 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro vanádico (l) | VCl₄ | 192,75 | -690,955 | -165,000 | -0,856 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro vanadioso (l) | VCl₃ | 157,30 | -783,082 | -187,000 | -1,189 | - | - | - | - |
| Cloruro yódico (s) | ICl₃ | 233,26 | -91,290 | -21,800 | -0,093 | -25,335 | -6,050 | - | - |
Bibliografía:
Héctor Fernández Serventi. "Química general e inorgánica". Losada S. A., Buenos Aires.
Robert C. Smoot y Jack Price. "Química, Un curso moderno". Compañía Editorial Continental S. A., México.
Autor: Ricardo Santiago Netto. Argentina
Tabla de constantes termoquímicas